श्रवण Śravaṇa

Burgess: three stars 'in the back and neck of the Eagle, namely α, γ, and β Aquilae; α, the determinative [middle star, v. 18], is a star of the first to second magnitude'.

THREE stars, barleycorn-middle-shaped (yavamadhya-saṃsthāna), deity Viṣṇu, gotra Kātyāyanīya. Three stars in a fusiform = β, α, γ Aquilae, exactly Burgess's group. Viṣṇu lordship agrees with the Vedic lists and with the siddhāntic epithet Vaiṣṇava.

Devanāgarī from Sanskrit Wikisource; GRETIL's two IAST texts give 'sañjñāyāṃ śravaṇa-aśvatthābhyām' and 'saṃjñā-yām śravaṇa-aśvatthā-bhyām'. 4.2.23 reads ४.२.२३ विभाषा फाल्गुनीस्रवणाकार्त्तिकीचैत्रीभ्यः (Wikisource prints स्रवणा for श्रवणा; GRETIL Kāśikā-derived: 'vibhāṣā phālgunī-śravaṇā-kārtikī-caitrībhyaḥ', 'alt': 'kārttikī').

Two sūtras of Pāṇini's own: 4.2.5 saṃjñāyāṃ śravaṇa-aśvatthābhyām and 4.2.23 vibhāṣā phālgunī-śravaṇā-kārttikī-caitrībhyaḥ (the full-moon/month names). 4.2.5 is remarkable for the database because it puts Śravaṇā and Aśvattha side by side as the two words after which the time-affix is elided when the result is a NAME: Vasu, on the Kāśikā, glosses the two products as 'the night called Śravaṇā' and 'the muhūrta called Aśvattha' — which is direct evidence for the Śravaṇa–Aśvattha association the database already records from the Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā, now in a datable text. Note that śravaṇa occurs elsewhere in the Aṣṭādhyāyī and constantly in the Mahābhāṣya in its ordinary sense 'hearing/audibility'; only 4.2.5 and 4.2.23 are astronomical. Śravaṇa also appears in the aṃśvādi gaṇa on 6.2.193 and the śivādi gaṇa on 4.1.112, but those are gaṇapāṭha.

Devanagari transcribed by the compiler from the page FACSIMILE of the Ray edition (Calcutta 1899), scan leaf n216 = printed p. 114–115: https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.292705/page/n216.jpg . The archive.org OCR of this volume is unusable for Devanagari, so no verse here is taken from the OCR text; every figure was re-read at full scan resolution and cross-checked against a second independent scan of the same edition (https://archive.org/download/siddhantadarpanachandrashekarsimha1897_252_Z/page/n217.jpg). Round brackets and the figures in them are the PRINTED EDITION'S own: (n) is the serial number of the asterism/star and the figure following it is the edition's decoding of the bhūtasaṅkhyā word-numeral that precedes it. These are the two printed segments of the dhruva list (vv. 2–6) and the śara list (vv. 7–10) that carry this asterism's own figures; the complete verses are given under db_id 'yogatara-catalog'.

SIDDHĀNTA DARPAṆA XII (Sāmanta, 1869): dhruva (polar longitude) 273°00', śara (polar latitude) 30°00' north. The direction comes from XII.11, which makes the śara southern for the asterisms numbered 4, 5, 6, 9, 13, 14, 16–21 and 24 and northern for all the rest; XII.12–13 give the asterism 5 star(s). TRUE VALUES for 1870 CE, reduced to Sāmanta's OWN sidereal zero (his Citrā = 179°, i.e. Spica; implied ayanāṃśa 22°12'), as polar longitude / polar latitude: α Aql 272°01' / 29°49'. VAṬEŚVARA-SIDDHĀNTA VIII.2.1–2 (904 CE) puts the same junction star at Makara (Capricorn) 8° (= 278°00' measured from the sidereal origin) with a śara of 30°00' north (VIII.2.5–6, direction by VIII.2.8).

This is the printed segment of the continuous dhruvaka list (VIII.2.1–2) that carries this star's own figure; the star's kṣepa is item no. 23 of the unbroken numeral run of VIII.2.5–6, which cannot be split, so the whole passage is also given verbatim under db_id 'yogatara-catalog'. Devanagari transcribed by the compiler from the page FACSIMILE of K. S. Shukla's INSA edition of the Sanskrit text, scan leaf n317 = printed p. 293: https://archive.org/download/VatesvaraSiddhantaSanskritText/page/n317.jpg . The archive.org OCR is unusable for Devanagari. The SQUARE brackets and the figures inside them are the EDITION'S own decoding of the bhūtasaṅkhyā word-numerals, reproduced here so that no numeral is silently converted. Shukla's English translation and notes are in copyright: they are neither quoted nor relied on here — only the constituted mūla text and the edition's numeric glosses.

VAṬEŚVARA-SIDDHĀNTA VIII.2 (904 CE) gives the junction star's dhruvaka (polar longitude) as Makara (Capricorn) 8° — Vaṭeśvara states the dhruvakas as degrees WITHIN each zodiacal sign, not as absolute longitudes, so this is 278°00' from the sidereal origin — and its kṣepa (polar latitude, VIII.2.5–6) as 30°00', north by the rule of VIII.2.8 (a verse the edition notes is identical with Brahmagupta's Khaṇḍakhādyaka I.9.13). TRUE VALUES for 904 CE reduced to Vaṭeśvara's own sidereal zero (his Citrā = 3° of Libra = 183°), as polar longitude / polar latitude: α Aql 278°25' / 29°30'. For comparison Sāmanta (1869) gives 273°00' / 30°00' north. Vaṭeśvara's list is essentially the inherited Sūrya-Siddhānta/Brahmagupta set: it is a fourth independent witness to those values rather than a fresh observation.

Verbatim parallels from the two earlier Chinese versions of the same Śārdūlakarṇāvadāna material, and the Tang commentator's note on the Chinese star-count: 摩登伽經 (Mātaṅga-sūtra) T21n1300, T21.0405a15: 「女有三星，形如穬麥，一日一夜共月而行，鳥肉用祀，屬毘紐神，姓迦旃延。有斯七宿，在於西方。」 | 舍頭諫太子二十八宿經 T21n1301, T21.0415c19: 「沙栴宿者，一曰耳聰，有三要星，其形類麥，邊小中大，行三十須臾而侍從矣，鳥肉為食，主種殖天。是為七宿，屬于西方。」 | Yang Jingfeng's interlinear note in T21n1299 at T21.0390a25: 「景風曰：中國天文，女四星，主藏府土，北方之宿也」

Chinese lunar lodge (xiu) 女 Nü; T1301 renders the name semantically as 耳聰 ('Keen of Hearing'), also called 沙栴. THREE stars, VIṢṆU, BIRD-FLESH and the BARLEY-GRAIN figure — four independent matches with the Śārdūlakarṇāvadāna's tritāraṃ yavamadhya-saṃsthānaṃ … pakṣimāṃsāhāraṃ viṣṇudaivataṃ kātyāyanīyaṃ gotreṇa. T1300's 穬麥 'barley grain' and T1301's 類麥，邊小中大 again nail yavamadhya, confirming the fusiform β–α–γ Aquilae group. T1300 gives the Kātyāyana gotra exactly. T1301's name 耳聰 'keen of hearing' is a semantic gloss on śravaṇa c. 307 CE. NOTE the unexplained alternative name 沙栴 that T1301 puts first (沙栴宿者，一曰耳聰); it is not Śravaṇa phonetically and I do not reconstruct a Sanskrit for it. Chinese astronomy gives Nü four stars.

CE reference R_5,055.001. The MBh parallel is CE 06,003.013c 'maghāsv aṅgārako vakraḥ śravaṇe ca bṛhaspatiḥ'.

Recorded for the Rāmāyaṇa's sky-as-lake simile (5.55.1), where Tiṣya and Śravaṇa are the kadamba flowers of the celestial lake — a pairing of two asterisms as matching objects, which suggests they were felt to be comparable in brightness and form. Also in the Mahābhārata omen list twice (6.3.13 Jupiter in Śravaṇa, 6.3.17 Mars retrograde there) and in Balarāma's pilgrimage chronology (9.33.5). The name and the α Aquilae identification are standard and imported.