Purāṇas · c. 3rd-5th c. CE
उत्तानपादस्तस्याधो विज्ञेयो ह्युत्तरो हनुः । यज्ञोऽधरश्च विज्ञेयो धर्मो मूर्द्धानमाश्रितः ॥ ३१ ॥
Uttánapáda is to be considered as its upper jaw; Sacrifice as its lower. Dharma is situated on its brow; Náráyańa in its heart. — H.H. Wilson (1840; public domain)
A genuine sky-position term, distinct from Uttānapāda as Dhruva's father in the narrative. NOTE THE CONFLICT: the older recension puts Uttānapāda on the upper jaw, whereas Bhāgavata 5.23.7 puts Agasti (Canopus) there — the two Śiśumāra traditions are not reconcilable at this point, which is itself evidence that the Bhāgavata reworked an inherited figure.
Viṣṇu Purāṇa 2.12.31; Vāyu Purāṇa 52.92; Matsya Purāṇa 127.22; Brahmāṇḍa Purāṇa 1,23.102 · text · translation