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Venus as evening star
Venus
names 22languages 19
The names
vernacular 8 · folk 1 · tribal 12 · borrowed 1
| Name | Language | Meaning | Register |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kerügu-Vaphi | Angami Naga the Angami country, Naga Hills (now Nagaland) | 'the Thief Watcher' It appears in the south-west just after sunset. | tribal |
| সন্ধ্যাতারা sandhyā-tārā | Bengali Bengal | 'evening star' Sub-lemma ~তারা under the headword সন্ধ্যা. The learned doublet সান্ধ্যতারা / সান্ধ্যতারকা is at p. 1005. | vernacular |
| সাঁঝের তারা sāñjher tārā | Bengali Bengal | 'the star of dusk' (sāñjh, the colloquial Bengali for evening) Given by Dāsa as the plain Bengali equivalent of the learned সান্ধ্যতারা, alongside শুক্রতারা. | vernacular |
| Machhritarai | Chhattisgarhi the Baiga chak and the surrounding country — Mandla, Baihar, Kawardha, Dindori and Rewa, in what was then the Central Provinces | 'the Fish Star' As long as it is in the sky the fish come to feed, and afterwards they sleep; the Dhimar, the fishing caste, only fish till then. | tribal |
| Atampang | Garo the Garo Hills, Assam (now Meghalaya) | It shows that it is time to shut up the fowls for the night. | tribal |
| ಸಂಜೆದಾರಕಿ sañje-tāraki | Kannada Karnataka (Mysore, Canara, Deccan) | the evening star Kittel's citation (J. 26,5) is to the Jaimini Bhārata, i.e. it is a literary attestation. | vernacular |
| 'lur-miet | Khasi Khasi and Jaintia hills, Meghalaya | the night star | tribal |
| Jevan suka | Kolami Kolam villages of Yavatmal and Chandrapur districts, Vidarbha, Maharashtra, and adjoining Adilabad, Telangana | 'the star of dinner time' Nine of ten villages. | tribal |
| duru suka | Kui the Kondh hills of Odisha | 'the distant star' (duru, distance; distant, far) | tribal |
| Shubham; Sukachi Chandi | Lambadi (Banjara) Banjara tandas of Vidarbha, Maharashtra (villages in the Nagpur–Amravati–Yavatmal region) | 'the auspicious one'; 'the glow of Shukra' At Katarwadi the evening star is Shubham, an auspicious star; at Kasola it is Sukachi Chandi, a glow that brings happiness and is used to tell the time. At Palaitanda it is said to demand the sacrifice of a wheat chapatti. | tribal |
| Subtara | Lambadi (Banjara) Banjara tandas of Vidarbha, Maharashtra (villages in the Nagpur–Amravati–Yavatmal region) | A good omen. Reported in four of six villages. | tribal |
| Thlaseu | Mara (Lakher) the Lakher country, southern Lushai Hills (now southern Mizoram) and the Chin Hills | Thlaseu had one sister. He visited her, she killed a pig for him, and one pig does not make a long feast — so he came out of her house early in the evening, and the great darkness caught him as he came out. He still appears early in the evening. | tribal |
| Chawng-mawii | Mizo (Lushai) the Lushai Hills, Assam (now Mizoram) | — | tribal |
| କେଉଁଟି ତାରା Keuñṭi tārā | Odia Sambalpur (western Odisha) | 'the fisherwoman's star' — keuṭa/keuṇṭa is the fisher caste A caste-and-labour name for a planet: the star that goes down in the west a watch into the night, which Praharaj identifies flatly as Venus. | folk |
| ପହରିକିଆ ତାରା Paharikiā tārā | Odia Odisha | 'the one-watch star' — the star that lasts a prahara The general Odia evening-star word. Praharaj's note insists that it is not a star at all but a planet, and the same body as the morning star. | vernacular |
| sukąr, sukro, sukur ipil | Santali Santal Parganas, Jharkhand / adjoining Bengal and Odisha | — | borrowed |
| سانجهيِ تارو sānjhī tāro | Sindhi Sind (Bombay Presidency); Mewaram's dictionary is not dialect-marked | — | vernacular |
| ඉරබටු තරුව irabaṭu-taruva | Sinhala Sri Lanka | 'star after sunset' — Jayatilaka's own gloss; ඉරබටු ira-baṭu 'sunset' from ඉර ira, the inherited Sinhala word for the sun | vernacular |
| orrub-tuj-ən | Sora the Sora country of the Ganjam and Koraput hills, Odisha and northern Andhra | 'the evening star' (or-rub-ən, evening) | tribal |
| மாலைவெள்ளி mālai-veḷḷi | Tamil Tamil Nadu | evening-white The evening-star half of the Tamil pair; the morning half is viṭiveḷḷi / kālaiveḷḷi. | vernacular |
| Munech rit heng | Teressa Teressa island, Nicobars | — | tribal |
| ತಂಜದ ಬೊಳ್ಳಿ tanjada boḷḷi | Tulu South Canara (Tulu Nadu) | 'the star of evening' (ತಂಜ tanja 'evening, sunset, night' + genitive -ದ -da + ಬೊಳ್ಳಿ boḷḷi 'star') | vernacular |
Sources
- J.H. Hutton, The Angami Nagas (London: Macmillan, 1921), Appendix VIII, p. 412 link
- Sailendra Biswas, Samsad Bengali-English Dictionary, 3rd ed., Calcutta: Sahitya Samsad, 2000 (DSAL digital ed.), s.v. সন্ধ্যা sandhyā, sub-lemma ~তারা, p. 979 link
- Jñānendramohana Dāsa, Bāṅgālā Bhāṣāra Abhidhāna, 2nd rev. ed., Kalikātā: Indian Publishing House [bhūmikā 1937] (DSAL digital ed.), s.v. সান্ধ্য sāndhya, sub-lemma ̃তারা, p. 2046 link
- Verrier Elwin, The Baiga (London: John Murray, 1939), p. 334 link
- Major A. Playfair, The Garos (London: David Nutt, 1909), p. 87 link
- Kittel, F., A Kannaḍa-English Dictionary (orig. Mangalore: Basel Mission, 1894); cited from the revised and enlarged edition, [Madras] University of Madras, 1968-71, as keyed for DSAL, s.v. ಸಂಜೆ sañje, p. 1564 link
- Nissor Singh, Khasi-English Dictionary (1906), s.v. 'lur-miet, p. 120 link
- M.N. Vahia, Ganesh Halkare, Kishore Menon and Harini Calamur, 'The astronomy of two Indian tribes: the Banjaras and the Kolams', Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 17(1), 65-84 (2014), Table 2, p. 71 link
- W.W. Winfield, A Vocabulary of the Kui Language, Bibliotheca Indica (Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1929), s.v. duru suka, p. 34 link
- M.N. Vahia, Ganesh Halkare, Kishore Menon and Harini Calamur, 'The astronomy of two Indian tribes: the Banjaras and the Kolams', Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 17(1), 65-84 (2014), Appendix 1.1.3 (Katarwadi) and 1.1.4 (Kasola), pp. 78-79 link
- M.N. Vahia, Ganesh Halkare, Kishore Menon and Harini Calamur, 'The astronomy of two Indian tribes: the Banjaras and the Kolams', Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 17(1), 65-84 (2014), Table 1, p. 69 link
- N.E. Parry, The Lakhers (London: Macmillan, 1932), p. 493 link
- J. Herbert Lorrain, Dictionary of the Lushai Language, Bibliotheca Indica Work No. 261 (Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, 1940), s.v. Chawng-mawii, p. 66 link
- G. C. Praharaj, Purnnachandra Ordia Bhashakosha: a lexicon of the Oriya language, Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press, 1931-1940 (DSAL digital ed.), s.v. କେଉଁଟି ତାରା Keuñṭi tārā, p. 1740 link
- G. C. Praharaj, Purnnachandra Ordia Bhashakosha: a lexicon of the Oriya language, Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press, 1931-1940 (DSAL digital ed.), s.v. ପହରିକିଆ ତାରା Paharikiā tārā, p. 4687 link
- Bodding, A Santal Dictionary, vol. V (1936), s.v. sukąr, sukro, sukur ipil, c. pp. 370-372 link
- Parmanand Mewaram, A Sindhi-English Dictionary (Hyderabad, Sind: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society, 1910), s.v. سانجهيِ تارو, p. 307 link
- Jayatilaka (ed.), A Dictionary of the Sinhalese Language (Royal Asiatic Society, Ceylon Branch, 1935– ), s.v. ඉරබටු තරුව irabaṭu-taruva, p. 1505 link
- G.V. Ramamurti, Sora-English Dictionary (Delhi: Manager of Publications, 1938), s.v. orrub-'tuj-ən, p. 195 link
- Tamil Lexicon (University of Madras, 1924-36), s.v. மாலைவெள்ளி, vol. V p. 3179, marked (W.) after Winslow link
- M.N. Vahia, Ganesh Halkare, S.A. Awaradi and Kishore Menon, 'In situ studies of astronomy of the Nicobarese tribe of Nicobar Islands', Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology, 6, 1014-1039 (2018), Table 3, pp. 1026-1027 link
- Männer, Tuḷu–English Dictionary (1886), s.v. ತಂಜ tanja, p. 262 (sub-entry) link
